Skip to main content

German Grammar Drill 05; Present Tense




Present Tense

The English present tense is more complex than the German present tense. English has three forms to consider:
habitual I speak German. incomplete or progressive I am speaking German.emphatic I do speak German.

German has only one present-tense form, which is similar to the English habitual form, but it can be translated into all three English forms:

Ich spreche Deutsch. I speak German. I am speaking German. I do speak German.




Regular verbs

German regular verbs are those that do not make a change in the stem of the verb when conjugated.The stem of the verb is the infinitive minus the -en ending. 

For example:

heben                                              heb
fragen.                                            frag




Let’s look at a few regular verbs in the present-tense conjugation. Notice that the third-person singular (er, sie, es = he, she, it) is illustrated here by the pronoun er. The third-person plural sie (they) and Sie (you formal) are illustrated by the pronoun sie. When singular sie cannot be differentiated
from plural sie, they will be identified as sie s. and sie pl. respectively.


 heben (lift)     fragen (ask)    stellen (put) brauchen (need)

ich    hebe     frage    stelle      brauche
du     hebst   fragst   stellst     brauchst
er      hebt.    fragt      stellt       braucht
wir   heben   fragen   stellen    brauchen
ihr    hebt      fragt       stellt      braucht
sie  heben   fragen    stellen     brauchen





All regular verbs follow the preceding pattern. However, there are some spelling rules to consider.

 1. If a verb stem ends in -s, -ss, -ß, -z, or -tz, the second-person singular (du) present-tense ending reverts to a -t. The full ending -st is not used. 

For example:

du reist (travel)

du hasst (hate)

du schließt (close)

du heizt (heat)

du putzt (polish)




 2. If a verb stem ends in -t or -d, an -e is added before the conjugational ending in the second person singular and plural (du, ihr) and in the third-person singular (er, sie, es). 


For example:

 arbeiten (work)                enden (end)

ich  arbeite                         ende

du  arbeitest                      endest

er  arbeitet                         endet

wir  arbeiten                     enden

ihr  arbeitet                      endet

sie  arbeiten                     enden




 3. If the verb stem ends in -eln or -ern, the written and spoken versions of the present-tense conjugation of the first-person singular (ich) often differ. 




Let’s look at two examples.

written version

       lächeln (smile).     hämmern (hammer)
ich  lächele                   hämmere
du  lächelst                   hämmerst
er    lächelt                     hämmert
wir  lächeln                    hämmern
ihr    lächelt                    hämmert
sie.   lächeln                   hämmern






spoken version

      lächeln (smile)        hämmern (hammer)
ich      lächle                      hämmre
du      lächelst                   hämmerst
er       lächelt                     hämmert
wir     lächeln                    hämmern
ihr     lächelt                      hämmert
sie     lächeln                    hämmern





The list of regular verbs is very large. Here are just a few of the most commonly used regular verbs:


hören                                   hear
kaufen                                 buy
klatschen                           clap
lachen                                 laugh
legen                                   lay
machen                              make, do
öffnen                                open
setzen                                set
suchen                               look for
warten                               wait




Irregular verbs

German irregular verbs in the present tense are of two types: 

(1) those that make a vowel change in the stem of the infinitive and 

(2) those that add an umlaut to the vowel in the stem of the infinitive. 



First let’s look at some verbs that make a vowel change in the stem of the infinitive. That vowel change is always from -e- to -i- or -ie- and occurs only in the second- and third-person singular.




       geben (give)                befehlen (order)
ich   gebe                               befehle
du    gibst                               befiehlst
er     gibt                                 befiehlt
wir   geben                             befehle
ihr    gebt                                befehlt
sie   geben                             befehlen





Here are just a few of the irregular verbs that change the vowel -e- in the present-tense conjugation to -i- or -ie-.


brechen (i)              break
essen (i).                eat
helfen (i)                 help
lesen (ie)                read
nehmen(i)              take
sehen (ie)               see
sprechen (i)           speak
stehlen (ie).            steal
sterben (i)               die
treffen (i)                 meet





Verbs that add an umlaut to the vowel (a or o) of the stem of an infinitive make this change only in the second- and third-person singular.



           halten (hold)      stoßen (punch, kick)
ich            halte                 stoße
du              hältst                stößt
er                hält                   stößt
wir             halten                stoßen
ihr               haltet                 stoßt
sie               halten              stoßen



Here are just a few of the irregular verbs that add an umlaut to a vowel in the present-tense

conjugation.

backen (ä) bake
einladen (ä) invite
fahren (ä) travel
fallen (ä) fall
fangen (ä) catch
laufen (ä) run
schlafen (ä) sleep
schlagen (ä) hit
tragen (ä) wear, carry
waschen (ä) wash


The verb stoßen is the only verb that adds an umlaut to the vowel o in the irregular present tense.

In all other cases, it is the vowel a that takes an umlaut in the irregular present tense.

Three important irregular verbs are haben, sein, and werden. Besides their own basic meaning, these three verbs are also used to form other tenses and must be understood well. Here is their conjugation in the present tense.




 haben (have)  sein (be)  werden (become)
ich habe             bin           werde
du hast               bist          wirst
er hat                  ist            wird
wir haben          sind         werden
ihr habt             seid          werdet
sie haben         sind          werden



Modal auxiliaries


The modal auxiliaries are verbs that are conjugated in a special way in the present tense, and they are frequently used in combination with another verb in the form of an infinitive. The present-tense conjugation of a modal auxiliary has one stem form in the singular and another stem form in the plural. This also occurs with the verb wissen. Let’s look at the present tense of the modal auxiliaries
and wissen.



 dürfen (may) können (can) mögen (like, may) müssen (must)

ich    darf           kann              mag     muss
du    darfst        kannst           magst  musst
er     darf           kann               mag      muss
wir  dürfen       können        mögen  müssen
ihr   dürft          könnt           mögt     müsst
sie  dürfen       können        mögen  müssen




 sollen (should) wollen (want) wissen (know)
ich             soll         will        weiß
du             sollst      willst     weißt
er              soll          will        weiß
wir            sollen     wollen    wissen
ihr             sollt         wollt      wisst
sie.           sollen      wollen    wissen



The complete conjugation of modal auxiliaries in all the tenses is on another blog.








When the subject of a sentence is a noun, singular nouns will use the third-person singular conjugation of a verb, and plural nouns will use the third-person plural conjugation of a verb. 


For example:

Er spricht Deutsch.
 He speaks German.

Das Kind spricht Deutsch. 
The child speaks German.

Sie lernen schnell. 
They learn fast.

Diese Mädchen lernen schnell
These girls learn fast.

When the subject of the sentence is wer, was, or man, the verb is likewise conjugated in the thirdperson singular.


Wer ist das?
 Who’s that?

Was liegt unter dem Tisch?
 What’s lying under the table?

Man soll fleißig arbeiten. 
One should work diligently.



Exercise 1 




Rewrite each sentence in the present tense with the subjects provided in parentheses.

 1. Ich gebe meinem Freund ein paar Euro.
(du)

(Martin)

(meine Eltern)

(sie s.)

(ihr)


 2. Wir warten auf Gudrun und Angela.

(er)

(sie pl.)

(der Kellner)

(unsere Freunde)


 3. Man muss vorsichtig sein.

(wir)

(Frau Bauer)

(die Kinder)

(du)


4. Ist sie noch in Köln?

(ihr)

(sie pl.)

(Herr Schmidt)

(du)


 5. Ich habe heute keine Zeit.

(sie s.)

(Andrea)

(du)

(ihr)

 6. Er will eine alte Freundin besuchen.

(wir)

(sie s.)

(Karl und Benno)

(wer)

 7. Wir wissen nicht, wo er wohnt.

(mein Vater)

(seine Eltern)

(du)

(sie pl.)


Exercise 2

Circle the letter of the verb that best completes each sentence.

 1. Was der Lehrer?
 a. sagen
 b. fragt
 c. wollt
 d. kannst


 2. Die Schülerin schnell antworten.

 a. kann

 b. sollt

 c. habt

 d. stellt


 3. Die Männer in einer Fabrik.

 a. können

 b. sollt

 c. lernst

 d. arbeiten

 4. Was du nach der Schule?

 a. machst

 b. will

 c. wollen

 d. hat

 5. Seine Schwester kein Buch.

 a. hat

 b. soll

 c. musst

 d. lesen

 6. ihr gern Fußball oder Tennis?

 a. Spielt

 b. Könnt

 c. Seid

 d. Werdet

 7. Es immer früher dunkel.

 a. wird

 b. will

 c. bist

 d. hört
 8. Wer eine Brille?
 a. suchst
 b. trägt
 c. glaubt
 d. helfen
 9. Wir jeden Tag neue Wörter.
 a. braucht
 b. lernen
 c. müssen
 d. besuchst
10. Der Richter zu laut.
 a. kommt
 b. verstehst
 c. spricht
 d. hat
 11. Der neue Lehrer vor dem Katheder.
 a. will
 b. wollt
 c. bin
 d. steht
12. Die Frau ein Blatt Papier.
 a. nimmt
 b. wollt
 c. ist
 d. siehst
13. du fleißig oder faul?
 a. Sein
 b. Bist
 c. Kannst
 d. Sollst

14. Ich noch in der Hauptstraße.
 a. wartet
 b. komme
 c. habe
 d. wohne
15. Der Bus schneller als die Straßenbahn.
 a. fährt
 b. gehen
 c. fahrt
 d. gehe





Exercise 3

Fill in the blank with an appropriate pronoun: ich, du, er, sie s., es, wir, ihr, sie pl., Sie, wer, or was.

Some sentences have more than one answer.

 1. Auf dem Platz sehen..............viele grüne Bäume.

 2. ..........................bin noch sehr krank.

 3. Kannst............verstehen, was sie sagt?

 4. Dort ist das Geschäft. Ist...........jetzt offen?

 5. .................... macht immer viele Fehler.

 6. Im Garten spielen..............mit dem Hund.

 7. ..............sollt versuchen seine Fragen zu beantworten.

 8. Haben................Ihre Brille verloren, Herr Schneider?

 9. ..............nimmt die Kreide und schreibt.

10. Auf der Straße sieht.........viele Autos und Fahrräder.

 11. Was wollt........................heute tun?

12. ..............trägt immer eine bunte Bluse.

13. Warum sprecht............nicht mit Frau Schäfer?

 14. ................hat rote Haare? Karl oder Martin?

15. ...............ist wirklich ein sehr kluger Junge.

Important Links 
Free pdf click here


Comments

Popular posts from this blog

GERMAN LANGUAGE; A1 Level Full Course

If your are wants to learn German language, we need to start from basic that is A1 level then A2. Similarly B1,B2 intermediate level and C1 and C2 is native level. This blog helps reader to get every useful knowledge and makes them perfect learner of basic German. Alphabet: Kardinal Nummer: 0 = null 1= Eins 2= Zwei 3=drei 4=Vier 5=Fünf 6=sechs 7=sieben 8=acht 9=neun 10=zehn 11=elf 12= zwolf After 12 numbers is written like this  E.g 13 =3+10 ,so 3=drei ,10=zehn it become dreizehn 13= dreizehn 14=vierzehn 15=fünfzehn 16=sechzehn 17=siebzehn 18=achtzehn 19=neunzehn 20=zwanzig Similarly 13, 21 also written  21(1+20)= einundzwanzig 22=zweiundzwanzig 23= dreiundzwanzig 24=vierundzwanzig 25=fünfundzwanzig 26=sechundzwanzig 27=siebenundzwanzig 28=achtundzwanzig 29=neunundzwanzig 30=dreißig How we say 21-29 follow same pattern for all numbers 40=vierzig 50=fünfzig 60=sechzig 70=siebzig 80=achtzig 100=hundert 1000=tausend Watch this video Months - Monate Januar- January Februar- Februa...

Heredity ( Short and Long questions)

Heredity  Welcome to our exploration of heredity, where we dive deep into the fascinating world of genetics and inheritance! In this blog, we’ll break down complex questions and provide clear, concise answers to help Class 10 students master the subject. From Mendelian principles to modern genetic understanding, we’ll unravel the mysteries of how traits are passed from one generation to the next. Join us as we tackle questions, solve problems, and build a solid foundation in heredity! Watch video of cell division  Short Questions  1. Draw a neat diagram showing mitosis cell division and labell the main parts. 2. Define gamete and somatic cell. Ans: Gametes are specialized reproductive cells that are involved in sexual reproduction. They are haploid, meaning they contain only one set of chromosomes (half the number of chromosomes found in somatic cells).  Somatic cells are any cells in the body that are not gametes. They are diploid, meaning they contain two sets of...
Discover the Best Investing App: Hamro Share Are you ready to take control of your investments with ease and precision? Meet Hamro Share, the ultimate app designed for every investor in the Nepali stock market. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced trader, Hamro Share offers a comprehensive suite of tools to help you make informed decisions and maximize your returns. Why Choose Hamro Share? User-Friendly Interface Hamro Share provides a seamless experience with an intuitive design, making it easy to track, analyze, and manage your investments in real time. Advanced Portfolio Management Get detailed insights into your portfolio's performance, view your profits and losses, and stay updated with live market data. Market Analysis Tools Analyze stocks with advanced tools, including charts, historical data, and market trends. Stay ahead of the game by making informed investment choices. Custom Alerts Set alerts for price changes, dividends, and other key updates to never miss a...